Richard Nixon and Supreme Court

Part 281. Which nation didn't turn out to be politically constrained by the Soviet Union after World War II? *Yugoslavia* 2. The Soviet Union originally learned of the American nuclear bomb how? *through the utilization of espionage* 3. The Baruch Plan would do what? 4. George Kennan's â€Å"containment† strategy proposed what? *American cautiousness with respect to Soviet expansionist inclinations. * 5. George Kennan accepted immovably that international strategy ought to be left to whom? 6. The Truman Doctrine expressed that American arrangement would be what? 7. The Marshall Plan proposed what? 8. By and large, did the Marshall Plan work? 9. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was a takeoff for America how? 10. Who were the individuals from NATO? 11. NATO had what impact on the USSR? 12. The primary Soviet reaction to control was shown by what? 13. When the Soviet Union closed the city of Berlin in 1948, President Harry Truman did what? 14. The National Security Act of 1947 built up what? 15. The entry of the National Security Act in 1947 did what to the military? 16. Because of Cold War military changes, the prevailing part of the American military turned into the †¦ 17. The safeguard strategy explanation known as NSC-68 supported what? 18. One of Chiang Kai-shek's most concerning issues by 1945 was swelling, which had ascended to ________ percent every year. 19. During the Korean War, General Douglas MacArthur activities could be portrayed how? 20. In the Korean War, the Chinese undermined a huge intrusion of Korea if the United States did what? 21. In the last examination, the most noteworthy consequence of the Korean War was what? 22. A significant political result of the Cold War was what? 23. At the point when Congress casted a ballot to end wartime value controls, costs rose ________ percent in two years. 24. The pioneer of the Dixiecrats in the appointment of 1948 was 25. The most well known divulgence of undercover work exercises in the U. S. government in the late 1940s included the instance of what individual? 26. What happened to Julius and Ethel Rosenberg ? 27. The main figure of the Red Scare of the mid 1950s wasChapter 291. The person who developed the idea of mass development of rural homes was 2. The most huge social pattern in the after war time in America was 3. What were the improvements to American monetary development in the late 1940s and mid 1950s? 4. Basic to life in suburbia during the 1950s was what? 5. In 1946, Dr. Benjamin Spock composed a top of the line book on what? 6. Somewhere in the range of 1940 and 1960, American spouses were increasingly doing what? 7. Individuals' perspectives toward composed religion during the 1950s was what? 8. A significant increment in government financing for instruction was passed in light of what? 9. The â€Å"beats† were what? 10. The tone for the alleged â€Å"beat† development was set by the writer was who? 11. The imaginative partner of â€Å"beat† social dissent writing was what? 12. By 1960, the most racially coordinated organization in American culture was what? 13. The principal president to endeavor earnestly to change the notable example of racial separation in the United States was who? 14. Who was Earl Warren? 15. The NAACP legal advisor who contended the Brown v. Leading body of Education choice under the watchful eye of the Supreme Court was who? 16. In Brown v. Leading body of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court decided that school isolation what? 17. The Deep South reacted to court-requested integration how? 18. The Arkansas senator who resisted U. S. Preeminent Court requests to incorporate government funded schools was who? 19. President Eisenhower needed to send in government troops in 1957 to uphold the integration of the state funded schools in what city? 20. Rosa Parks began what? 21. The Montgomery transport blacklist prompted what? 22. Martin Luther King, Jr. ‘s reasoning of dissent pushed what? 23. Greensboro, North Carolina, was the site of what? 24. The time of increased birth rates prompted a ______increase in the U. S. populace somewhere in the range of 1950 and 1960. 25. _______ turned into an ordinary piece of rural life during the 1950s. 26. Were The Supreme Court choices pronouncing isolation illicit promptly acknowledged by most Americans in the 1950s?Chapter 301. Basic to John F. Kennedy's triumph in the appointment of 1960 was his what? 2. John F. Kennedy's residential program was known as the 3. The Soviet chief with whom both Dwight Eisenhower and John Kennedy needed to bargain was who? 4. Under John F. Kennedy, the United States government did what with the Vietnam war? 5. The ________ was Kennedy's most evident international strategy debacle. 6. What were the results of the Cuban Missile Crisis? 7. John F. Kennedy made light of social liberties enactment since why? 8. When President Johnson figured out how to get Congress to pass Kennedy's proposed tax break in 1964, the outcome was what? 9. Lyndon Johnson's principle subject in the appointment of 1964 was what? 10. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did what? 11. The ________ built up the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. 12. Lyndon Johnson's residential program was called what? 13. In the appointment of 1964, President Lyndon Johnson effectively vanquished who? 14. In his program of social insurance, President Lyndon Johnson made sure about section of what? 15. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 did what? 16. Was The international strategy of Lyndon Johnson exceptional? 17. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson sent American officers to ________ so as to forestall a socialist takeover there. 18. American shelling of North Vietnam was effective or not? 19. All in all, American strategies in the Vietnam War were effective or not? 20. Social equality pioneer ________ supported â€Å"black power. † 21. Cesar Chavez is known for what? 22. For the United States, the defining moment of the Vietnam War was called what? 23. Significant race riots cleared a few American urban areas when?Chapter 311. What was the primary focal point of the Nixon administration? 2. Who filled in as Nixon's national security counsel during his first term? 3. Nixon's program to improve relations with the Soviet Union was known as what? 4. For what reason did the United States continue relations with China? 5. The SALT settlements included what? 6. The SALT I understandings did what? 7. The Arab oil blacklist of 1973-1974 was encouraged by what? 8. The worldwide oil association generally answerable at bringing oil costs up in the 1970s was 9. In the spring of 1980, the prime rate came to ________ percent. 10. The principal president to choose a lady to the Supreme Court was who? 11. What is remarkable about Gerald Ford ? 12. To end analysis of the CIA, Gerald Ford named ________ to head the office. 13. President Gerald Ford's brief â€Å"honeymoon† with the American open finished when he did what? 14. In the appointment of 1976, Jimmy Carter crushed who? 15. The Camp David Accords gave a structure to harmony exchanges between ? 16. In 1979, progressives in ________ took U. S. representatives prisoner. 17. The Cold War stayed torpid all through the 1970s until what was the deal? 18. The focal precept of Reagan's way to deal with international strategy was what conviction? 19. In 1979, the Sandinista Coalition prevailing with regards to ousting the abusive Somoza system in what nation? 20. The Reagan organization's strategies in the Middle East and Central America arrived at a heartbreaking assembly when? 21. In 1984, ________ turned into the primary lady at any point selected for the bad habit administration by a significant gathering. 22. Soviet pioneer Mikhail Gorbachev's new arrangements includedChapter 321. The main critical bit of social enactment to be instituted in the primary Bush organization was what act? 2. Rather than diminishing the deficiency by $500 billion, the 1990 spending understanding had prompted an expansion of more than ________ in the national obligation during Bush's administration. 3. In 1989, well known exhibitions calling for equitable change were brutally smothered in what nation? 4. In 1989, socialist systems toppled (fallen) in what nations? 5. After the separation of the Soviet Union, the new pioneer of Russia was who? 6. The U. S. partnered military battle against Iraq in 1991 was known as Operation ______. 7. What significant move happened in American culture during the 1980s? 8. By 2002, ________ had become the country's biggest ethnic minority. 9. ________ made up the quickest developing ethnic gathering toward the start of the twenty-first century. 10. ________ ran for president in 1992 and 1996 as an outsider applicant. 11. President Clinton's most prominent accomplishment in household undertakings was what? 12. Bill Clinton was denounced for what? 13. The customer advocate who ran as the Green Party contender for president in 2000 was who? 14. The result of the 2000 presidential political race held tight fights in court over the vote include in what state? 15. The biggest of a few business outrages in the mid 2000s was the breakdown of what organization? 16. Osama container Laden is most firmly connected with what dread gathering? 17. The principal move in the war on fear was the oust of an extreme Islamist system in what nation? 18. The fear monger assaults on the United States drove the George W. Bramble organization to start another worldwide procedure referred to its faultfinders as what? 19. In 2002, President Bush called Iraq, Iran, and North Korea the what? 20. The second Persian Gulf War finished with the U. S. catch of what place? 21. Issues confronting the country in the mid twenty-first century included what? 22. What is the right sequential arrangement of ongoing presidential organizations? 23. Valid or bogus, In the White House, Bill Clinton end up being the most skilled legislator since Franklin D. Roosevelt. 24. Valid or bogus, One disappointment of Bill Clinton's first presidential term was his proposition for national wellbeing

Relative Clauses - Definition and Examples in English

Relative Clauses s in English A relative provision is aâ clause that typically adjusts a thing or thing phrase and is presented by a relative pronoun (which, that, who, whom, whose), a relative qualifier (where, when, why), or a zero family member. Otherwise called a descriptor condition, a descriptive proviso, and aâ relative development. A relative condition is a postmodifierthat is, it follows the thing or thing phrase it changes. Relative statements are customarily isolated into two kinds: prohibitive and nonrestrictive. See Examples and Observations underneath. RelativizationContact ClauseDependent ClauseFree (Nominal) Relative ClauseRelative Pronouns and Adjective ClausesRestrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective ClausesSentence Building With Adjective ClausesSubordination With Adjective ClausesThat-ClauseWh-ClauseWho, Which, and ThatWho and WhomWh-Words Models and Observations It isn't the business who pays the wages. Bosses just handle the cash. The client pays the wages.100% of the individuals who give 110% don't comprehend math.More than 840,000 Vietnamese refuge searchers left the Communist system and showed up in the nations of Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. These individuals, who came to be known as the pontoon individuals, took a chance with their lives adrift in scan for freedom.She had a lot of associates, yet no companions. Not many individuals whom she met were huge to her. They appeared to be a piece of a group, undistinguished.Occasionally Mother, whom we only from time to time found in the house, had us meet her at Louies. It was a long dim bar toward the finish of the scaffold close to our school.The deadly similitude of progress, which means deserting things us, has totally clouded the genuine thought of development, which means leaving things inside us.Peace isn't only a far off objective that we look for, however a methods by which we show up at that objective. Situating Relative ClausesUnlike prepositional expressions, prohibitive relative provisions . . . continuously alter thing phrases. In any case, a relative proviso doesnt in every case promptly follow the thing expression that it changes. For instance, if two relative conditions are joined by a planning combination (and, or, or however), at that point the second one doesnt promptly follow the thing expression that it alters: This article depicts highlights that encourage coordinated effort yet that are not proposed to build security. Anaphoric Elements in Relative ClausesRelative statements are alleged in light of the fact that they are connected by their structure to a predecessor. They contain inside their structure an anaphoric component whose translation is dictated by the predecessor. This anaphoric component might be clear or secret. In the unmistakable case the relative condition is set apart by the nearness of one of the relative words who, whom, whose, which, and so on., as or inside the underlying constituent: provisions of this sort we call wh family members. In non-wh family members the anaphoric component is secret, a hole; this class is then partitioned into that family members and exposed family members relying upon the nearness or nonattendance of that. Sentence Relative ClausesSentence relative provisos allude back to the entire statement or sentence, not simply to one thing. They generally go toward the finish of the provision or sentence.Tina appreciates the Prime Minister, which shocks me. ( and this amazements me)He never concedes his mix-ups, which is very irritating. ( and this is amazingly irritating) Sources Henry Ford Demtri Martin, This Is a Book. Terrific Central, 2011 Tai Van Nguyen, The Storm of Our Lives: A Vietnamese Familys Boat Journey to Freedom. McFarland, 2009 D.H. Lawrence, The Rainbow, 1915 Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Arbitrary House, 1969 G.K. Chesterton, The Romance of Rhyme, 1920 Martin Luther King, Jr. John R. Kohl, The Global English Style Guide: Writing Clear, Translatable Documentation for a Global Market. SAS Institute, 2008 Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey Pullum, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press, 2002 Geoffrey Leech, Benita Cruickshank, and Roz Ivanic, An A-Z of English Grammar Usage, second ed. Pearson, 2001

What You Can Expect From A Report Writing Service

What You Can Expect From A Report Writing ServiceYou can easily attract clients by making your report writing service at an extra way to promote your business. For example, you could write a sales letter for the customer that tells the story of how your product is different from other similar products. This letter will help your customers make up their mind to purchase your product.If your product is something that your customers want and are looking for, you can increase your profits and customer base. It is also a good idea to always send out business samples. Customers want to have a look at your product before they purchase it. The more expensive a product is, the better quality it is.When it comes to report writing, you want to have some fun with it. It can be the beginning of a long business relationship with the client. It is always good to keep your clients coming back. Many businesses fail because they fail to have a great relationship with their customers. After you do get your business in the ground, you will definitely want to keep that relationship going.Write a report as if you were an editor. Use an editor to structure your report the way you would like. The first thing you need to do is choose a title for your report, if you do not already have one.It is a good idea to come up with an excellent summary of your topic. This summary can be built around the summary of your report, which will help readers understand what your report is about.Tell the story about the solution or product. If you are selling digital cameras, then describe how they work and the features of each camera. In this way, you build interest and make it easy for people to get interested in your report.Once you have built the outline and summary, you can now begin writing the actual report. You can hire a company that specializes in this kind of document, or you can do it yourself.Sometimes the most important information is left out of the summary. You can include this informatio n in the report as necessary. This will help to keep the report interesting to read, so that the reader will continue to return to read the full report when it is completed.

Domestic Surveillance And Ethical Principles - 1859 Words

Domestic Surveillance and Ethical Principles Why do we neglect any ethical principles? According to the basics of utilitarianism, human deeds focus on common welfare. When we turn into spy’s and follow our family members, we hope that it will work in favor of our family welfare and common utility. We can compare home spying with domestic surveillance to show how ethical principles work in this area. â€Å"As a matter of fact, domestic surveillance focuses on potential crime prevention. On the other hand, intelligence violates the principles of a personal freedom and breaks into a private territory of people surrounding us.† (Domestic Surveillance) We show our unethical behavior and violate the principles of respect and tolerance to other people. Our selfish motives may be destructive for people around us. Ethical egoism occurs when individual underlines that his own selfish interest is the most important for him. We pay attention for surveillance at home, when we want to compensate the lack of attention of our l oved person to us. We want to find the root of evil and try to become real spies and find out something horrible and destructive as soon as possible to entertain ourselves. In such a way, we try to compensate our selfish interests. We think that if to follow our beloved ones or children, we will have a chance to know their real lives. Faraz states: â€Å"We do not think about their interest; we want to feel calmness and be sure in the coming day. This last motive is dominantShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States Government Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pages There are several roles that the United States government undertakes, and principle among these roles is the role of protector. The United States government (hereafter referred to as â€Å"government†) is charged with protecting its citizens from dangers, both foreign and domestic. The Declaration of Independence is the first to highlight the government’s role as protector by stating t hat all people have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and â€Å"to secure these rights, GovernmentsRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Advertising Industry1320 Words   |  6 Pagesexpected to have certain ethical standards which are controlled by a series of ethical codes. This research is focused on the ethics of the advertising industry. Some questions will be answered like: should companies be allowed to collect/sell client’s info? Should targeted online advertising on the basis of user’s profile and demographics? Should there be a ban the sale of surveillance technology to non-democratic countries? Keywords: targeted online advertising, surveillance technology, non-democraticRead MoreA Progressing Military Of Paralleled Morality1660 Words   |  7 Pageson technology and unmanned weapon systems is morally and ethically acceptable under the Just War’s Jus in Bello principles. The history of predator drones in the U.S. Military date all the way back to World War II when radio-controlled B-24’s were sent on bombing missions over Germany. Remote-controlled aircraft were later used with the addition of still-cameras to capture surveillance over the battlefields of Vietnam. Since the Revolutionary War, the United States soldier had long coveted the abilityRead MoreFederal Data Protection Laws On The United States1431 Words   |  6 Pagestribe is immune to its destructive operations. The Patriot Act has authorized the military to utilize drones in domestic airspace, to gather intelligence that pertains to terrorism (Sauter Carafano, 2012). 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The right to privacy is becoming increasingly harder for individuals to keep hold of, and a primary cause of this is the widening of the scope of the government for the sake of national security. For over a decade, there has been ethical abuse by the United States government which costs the taxpayers money and threatens the future privacy of the people. Ever since the tragic attacks on the country in September of 2001, the government, under the pretense of preserving national securityRead MoreEssay On Artificial Intelligence1515 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude Robots, Robotic Vehicles, and AI software. In today’s world when it comes to use of robots the best example is that Japanese industrial firms are racing to build up humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly. Also, South Korea has a goal that 100% of households should have domestic robots by 2020.Whenever we buy something with a credit card, an AI algorithm approves that transaction. When we use the GPS in our car, the algorithm that finds the best way to go from where we areRead More The Patriot Act Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pageshas started to implicate our Civil Libertie s that in this country we hold so dear. Just 45 days after the September 11 attacks, with virtually no debate, Congress passed the USA Patriot Act on October 5th, 2001. This act expanded the surveillance powers of domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies. The controversy that must be discussed is whether or not this legislation fully or in part has violated the Constitution and/or endangered our civil liberties in any way. John KerryRead MoreQuality And Total Quality Management1662 Words   |  7 Pagesdisruptive technology: create a new market by destroying the current technology †¢ Information Age: dramatic changes in recent years †¢ Increase the knowledge-intensive: information, intelligence and experience (Evans 2013) The basic concepts and principles of decent human behavior. They include all men and women, natural or artificial, human, and obedience to the law concerns the land and the health and safety of the world s core values are increasingly, but also on the natural environment. Human

Would Tom Sawyer Have Been Prescribed Ritalin Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The biggest pressure at school is the need for high performance. When I studied at school, my parents always wanted me to be the best in the class. When I was worse than other kids, they tended to push on my forcing me to study something I disliked. I cannot say that their efforts were effective because they only destroyed my desire to learn the subjects where I could not succeed. Different studies show that Ritalin does help to concentrate on boring tasks, but it is helpless at improving intelligence (Sroufe). Some parents are sure that if their kinds take Ritalin, they become smarter. In fact, it is not true; children become smarter only when they are interested in what they learn. Even though ADHD is inheritable, it heavily depends on the lifestyle of children. When they have lack of parental control at home, they can be overexposed to TV, violent video games or inappropriate media content which can trigger wrong behavior. When parents at work, they cannot control what their chil dren do at home. When I studied at school, my parents were always at work and there was nobody to structure my day till they come home. We will write a custom essay sample on Would Tom Sawyer Have Been Prescribed Ritalin or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Attentive parents can either reduce or avoid using Ritalin for treating their children. Naish provides an example of the family where parents limit the use of Ritalin to a minimum and succeed to control the behavior of their son. In this case, parents do have the power to deal with ADHD; however, they need to find some time and spend it on parenting instead of moneymaking. Finally, there are almost no medications without side effects.

The Holocaust Its Causes And How It Was Carried Out

Destiny Corbitt Shawn Underell The Holocaust 21 February 2016 The Holocaust The holocaust is one of the memorable events in history and it is important to know some of its causes and how it was carried out. The Holocaust is a controlled torture that killed roughly six million Jews by the Nazi government, led by Adolf Hitler. Apart from the Jews, other groups considered inferior or anti-establishment such as Poles, Romans and gypsies were also killed. There were several reasons for these grisly murders, inhuman detention and subjections of the victims to forced labor while starving. The word Holocaust comes from the Greek words (Holos-Whole) and (Kaustos-Burned). It was used to describe a sacrificial offering burning to an Altar. To the anti-Semitic Nazi leader Adolf Hitler jews were an alien threat to German racial purity and community. (History.com, 2009) When the class started to read  ¨Night ¨ I began wondering why Hitler hated the jews and why he started the holocaust, so I started doing research and asking questions. The biggest question I asked myself, â€Å"Why did Hitler start the holocaust?† This is what I found. Hitler did not make the Holocaust happen by himself, many Germans and non-Germans contributed to, or benefited from the so-called â€Å"Final Solution† (the term used by the Nazis for their plan to annihilate the European Jews). German government, military, and Nazi Party officials who planned and implemented policies aimed at persecuting and murdering the EuropeanShow MoreRelatedThe World Reacted Towards The Act Of Genocide Essay1081 Words   |  5 Pagesdeliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group† . Killing groups of people based on their religious preference, sexual orientation, and even just for punishment. 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Through these tragic Holocaust experiments, scientists and doctors discoveredRead MoreThe Horrors Of The Holocaust1605 Words   |  7 PagesSpeculations about the grim events during the very horrific Holocaust are unfortunately being denied stating it was not as gruesome as many may have stated it was or did not even exist to begin with. This is not only outrageous but disrespectful to those who lost their lives during the gruesome time. History states that the Holocaust was a period in time where a very fascist dictator, Adolf Hitler, killed over six million European Jews who did not fit the criteri a of genetically having blonde hairRead MoreSocial Forces Of The Holocaust1534 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough an incredibly traumatic event. The Holocaust is the traumatic event that hit Germany beginning in the 1930’s. The Holocaust was a period in time from 1933 to 1945, in which Jews experienced discrimination. Out of nine million Jews that were living in Germany, over half of them were killed in the Holocaust. All the Jews that were killed were killed because of prejudice and discrimination against them. An event as traumatic and massive as the Holocaust has no choice but to affect the countryRead MoreThe Extermination Of The Jewish Heritage And Small Ratio Of Other People1096 Words   |  5 PagesFor some, it seems as if it was in another life time, but for others it will be something they will never forget. The holocaust was the extermination of the Jewish heritage and small ratio of other people whom Hitler considered inferior. It took place during 1933 to 1945. Adolf Hitler and his creation of the Nazi party in Germany led to this effort. About 12 million people were murdered, half of them being Jews. When Hitler took control over Germany that is when everything changed. 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Climate Change And Public Health Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthe

Question: Discuss about the Climate Change And Public Health. Answer: Introduction Climate change has a negative impact on public health. Increased temperatures, extreme weather conditions, the rise in sea levels, and droughts are some of the negative outcomes of climate change that is affecting access to clean water and safe working environments. Paul, Diffenbaugh, and Kilpatrick (2017) warns on the coming public health calamity caused by climate change. Therefore, immediate action needs to be taken to prevent further degradation of the environment to prevent the heat that relates to with climate change. Having this in mind, the essay will discuss on how climate change is affecting public health and the expected public health challenges. How Climate Change is Affecting Public Health Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, and weather patterns changing. Extreme weather is becoming more frequent and intense, all this have detrimental effects on public health. The extreme heat leading to a significant increase in temperatures is contributing directly to respiratory and heart diseases, especially among the older population. For instance, in the heat of summer, Europe recorded approximately 70, 000 deaths. Further the high temperatures of raises pollens and many other allergens exacerbating respiratory and heart diseases (Perera 2017). In addition, the increase in rainfall caused by climatic change is affecting the supply of fresh water. The lack of fresh and clean water compromises hygiene increasing the risk of diarrhea that is killing around 750, 000 children under the age of five each year. Besides, the melting of polar ice is causing an increase in the volume of water bodies causing floods. Such floods contaminate clean water supplies increasing the chances of water- borne diseases. Further, the floods act as breeding grounds for mosquitoes, which leads to increase in Malaria cases (Lewis 2017). The Expected Public Health Challenges Climate change has posed major challenges in public health. Some of the expected public health challenges include an increase in waterborne and foodborne diseases, vector- borne illness, allergic and respiratory disorders, malnutrition, collective violence, heat disorders, and mental issues are some of the public health issues that will increase due to climate change. Further, vulnerable populations like minority groups, the poor, old people, children, and women are more at a disadvantaged position due to the health impact of climate change. Another expected public health challenge is widespread of diseases like Rift Valley fever, Malaria, West Nile virus, and encephalitis, this widespread is caused by the climatic changes (Kjellstrom, Briggs, Freyberg, Lemke, Otto and Hyatt 2016). Conclusion From the discussion, it is evident that climate change is the major cause of health related problems like respiratory and heart diseases; this poses a major health challenge to the public health. Individual choices and policies can reduce the detrimental effects of climate change producing health benefits. For instance, households and companies can adopt the use of clean energy, adopt safe use public transport, and adopt active means of movement like walking and cycling as alternatives to private vehicles. Therefore, if such measures are to be implemented, we could minimize carbon emissions and air pollutions, which is the leading cause of death. References Kjellstrom, T., Briggs, D., Freyberg, C., Lemke, B., Otto, M. and Hyatt, O., 2016. Heat, human performance, and occupational health: a key issue for the assessment of global climate change impacts.Annual review of public health,37, pp.97-112. Lewis, S., 2017. Extreme climate change: Damage and responsibility.AQ-Australian Quarterly,88(1), p.3. Perera, F.P., 2017. Multiple threats to child health from fossil fuel combustion: Impacts of air pollution and climate change.Environmental health perspectives,125(2), p.141. Paull, L.D., Diffenbaugh, N.S. and Kilpatrick, A.M., 2017, February. Drought and immunity determine the intensity of West Nile virus epidemics and climate change impacts. InProc. R. Soc. B(Vol. 284, No. 1848, p. 20162078). The Royal Society.

The Reformation Was A Milestone To Progress W Civ 101 Essays

The Reformation Was A Milestone To Progress W Civ 101 THE REFORMATION WAS A GREAT MILESTONE ON THE ROAD TO PROGRESS Religious ideas have developed from every society known since the Sumerians, with theological ideas evolving as communities progressed and changed. Throughout recorded history there have been dissenters and revolt to every religious institution. However, the Reformation of the sixteenth century religious institutions led to changes in social, political and cultural life that have profoundly effected Western Civilization (McKay, Hill, Buckler, A History of Western Society, page 451). By the early sixteenth century, church and state had become inextricably intertwined. Both factions were removed from the greatest percentage of the population by wide margins in education, nutrition, mobility, and income. Europeans of all social classes were devoted to the Catholic church and bequeathed enormous amounts of time, energy and money to the church (page 453). The spiritual yearnings of the people, combined with a worsening economic situation, and an increasingly popular resentment of church officials as immoral and corrupt, paved the way for sweeping changes. A theocracy requires a strong hierarchy of political power to succeed. Political fragmentation within the church destroyed the unity of Europe as an organic Christian society (page 481). Martin Luther himself was a member of the Catholic church, a trained priest. Luther was literate, educated, trained by the Church, but also, the son of a lower-class miner who empathized with and was respected by peasants. The theological issues questioned by the Protestants were primary to the faith and power held by the Church. First, is salvation attained by faith and good works, as the Catholic Church maintained (and profited from by selling indulgences as good works), or by faith alone as Luther asserted. Second, does authority over the people rest with the Church or on the Word of God (the Bible) alone, as interpreted by the individual. This idea THE REFORMATION WAS A GREAT MILESTONE ON THE ROAD TO PROGRESS Page Two directly questioned the authority of the Church. Third, does the Church consist of the hierarchical clergy of the Church or the community of Christian believers. Fourth, is the monastic life superior to secular life, or do all vocations have equal merit, as Luther argued. Theology was adapting from one dictatorial faith ruling the masses to different sects empowered by their individual faith and better suited to their society. As a leader of peoples yearning for salvation, Luther's revolt, which led to the secularization of Christianity, is more of a progression of Christianity, than a protest. By 1521 Luther had a vast number of followers. His appeal to the masses is easily understood, even from a twentieth-century perspective; he offered an understandable theology espousing independence from the Church. Invention of the printing press, made Luther's German interpretation of the Bible widely available, and his prompting of individuals to read and interpret the Bible for themselves is an appeal to their intelligence. His doctrine of salvation by faith protected their pocketbooks (page 461). Moreover, Luther's enlightened view on marriage and sexuality elevated women to a more equal status, allowing for the exaltation of the family home, strengthening communities. Both Catholicism and Lutheran faiths were shaped and altered by the Reformation. Factions of Christianity spawned by the Reformation opened the door of literacy to women and peasants, beginning with the Anabaptists, who allowed women to enter their church as priests. Separation of church and state allowed Absolutism to flourish. Under Louie XIV's reign, France found economic stability and an effective government free from Church interference. Absolutism evolved into constitutionalism, a few steps closer to democracy. Following this was the significant break from the Church of England made by the Puritans, who pioneered the brutal landscape of the North American continent, founding our current home, where freedom of religion, expression and lifestyle are legally protected. History

Sense of Perception Essays

Sense of Perception Essays Sense of Perception Essay Sense of Perception Essay Perception Our five senses are important sources of knowledge that actively structure our knowledge about the world rather than passively reflect reality. They are ‘the gates and windows’ of the mind that controls communication between the outside world, and ourselves presenting us with different variety of the world. Using our senses to be aware of things is defined as our Perception. We do not realize that perception plays a bigger role than what it may seem, playing a more active process in our everyday lives. There are differences in the relative importance we attach For example, the great majority of people would be more willing to give up their sense of smell, and least willing to give up their sight. We adjust ourselves greatly on our vision that we identify it with knowledge. Our smell is sometimes called the mute sense as we have a limited amount of vocabulary to describe a smell in contrast to sight. However, we perhaps take our sense of smell for granted. Our sense of smell has more direct route to our brains than of our other senses. Smells are able to trigger powerful memories as well as how we select our choices in life. This could explain why the perfume industry is worth a significant amount. According to the theory of Empiricism, all knowledge is based on perceptual experience. The fallibility of perception is significant to issues in the real world. It plays a key role in almost all areas of subject matter such as when an observation is needed to test a validity of a source, eyewitness accounts in history and many others. As mentioned before, perception is a passive and relatively straightforward process, which gives us an accurate picture of reality known as Common sense realism. We trust that our senses must somewhat be a reliable tool, because we have survived so far relying on it. Perception consists of two elements, sensation and interpretation, but we are often not consciously aware of the concluding element. The element of sensation is provided by the world, whereas interpretation is provided by or minds. The way we see something depends partly on the context in which we see it, usually not being aware of the interpretation by our minds of the sensations that is received into our senses. An example of this is that we have a natural tendency to look for meaning in what we see and to group our perceptual experiences together into shapes and patters; visual grouping. We often get perceptual errors, as our minds are able to help us be more aware of the role that interpretation plays in perception. We are constantly making a variety of unconscious assumptions about our experiences in the world around us. For example, when you look at an object, you do not see patches of colors. You see the world of familiar everyday objects. When you look at something, what actually appear on you retina are two small inverted two-dimensional images. However, unconsciously, you only see one life size dimensional world that is the right way up. People that suffer from a brain damage experience, known as visual agnosia are unable to interpret what they see. Perception is selective and what we notice in a given environment is influenced by factors 5 factors, intensity, interest, contrast, mood and expectations. In our perceptual fields, we only notice some things and condone others, as our minds would overload if we were consciously aware of everything. For example, when engaging one is studying in class, they concentrate on what the teacher is saying and their facial expressions along with their gestures yet have no conscious awareness of the ticking of the clock or the picture on the wall. What we see depends on the 5 various subject matters mentioned. For example intensity and contrast affect us such as when a bomb explodes we notice it compared to the hum of the computer. We notice a drop of blood on a white cloth rather than a blood on a red cloth. This shows that our perspective on something affects the way we see it. Thus the saying â€Å"He who has been bitten by a snake fears a piece of string†. So how do we distinguish between appearance and reality? So far we have identified reasons for being cautious with the validity of perception because we may misinterpret what we see, fail to notice something and we may misremember what we have seen. A way to distinguish between appearance and reality is to use a second sense to confirm the evidence of a first. If one is not sure that a wall is in front of them, they can bang their head to it to know it is there. Pain can be a proof of the reality of an object. Another way is by appealing to coherence. If a drunk sees a cow flying over the moon, then he is likely to assume it was not real when he is sober again. We rationalize what our experiences are because it makes more sense. A final principle is the testimony of other people. The credibility of evidences are greatly increase if it is confirmed by other people. While our senses are prone to error, we have many ways to correct our mistakes. While our senses give us important information about the world, they only capture only certain kinds of date in their net as they each have limited range of sensitivity. For example our eyes are only sensitive to light of a limited wavelength. Imagine if our senses were more capable of a greater amount of sensitivity. The way we experience the world is partly determined by the structure of our sense organs. If we had a more acute sense of hearing we might hear the revolting pain to our ears when a car honks at a far distance just like when you are near it. If we accept that pain and taste are subjective then we might conclude that color and sound are also subjective. There are three main theories about the relationship between perception and reality. The first is common sense realism, which was mentioned before as the way we perceive the world mirror the way the world is. We have argued that there are good reasons for rejecting this as what we perceive is determined partly b the nature of our sense organs. The second is scientific realism, a theory stating that the world exist as an independent reality, very different from the way we perceive it. The world or our everyday experience is in reality, just a realm of atoms whizzing around in empty space. And the last, phenomenalism could be seen as a call to humanity as it insist that we can only know the world from our human perspective and that this is ultimate reality. Despite the doubts, the existence of the external world is the most reasonable hypothesis to explain the regularity of our experience. Perception is an important way of knowing however, we have seen that there is more to perception than meets the eye; therefore it is unwise to rely completely on the evidences our senses provide us. Even though perception cannot give us certainty, knowledge requires something less than certainty. IF the evidence of our sense is consistent with other ways of knowing, then it is a good enough foundation for reliable knowledge.

Water Quality; Wastewater Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Water Quality; Wastewater Management - Essay Example The wastewater having very high amount of dissolved BOD or COD would require either biological treatment processes, like activated sludge treatment, trickling filters upflow anaerobic sludge treatment, or chemical treatment units like coagulation techniques, filtration with ion exchange etc. These methods would not be adequate for complete elimination of the dissolved impurities. For example in the case of municipal wastewater, the secondary treatment would results in the reduction of organic part of the total contaminants dissolved in it. On the other hand, the pollutants like nitrates and phosphates or bacterial/microbiological contamination would not be totally removed using these methods. Hence, advanced treatment operations are additionally required for the removal of the aforementioned impurities (Malzer, 2002). The treatment processes employed in such situations are classified as the tertiary treatment. The techniques are usually nitrification and denitrification units which a re also biological methods undertaken with the help of bacterial mass. On the other hand, phosphates too need specialized treatment units for its removal. Further, if the objective is to eliminate the bacterial contamination, disinfection systems need to be provided appropriately as the tertiary unit operation. Thus the methods used under the secondary and tertiary treatment units are of multiple types and each having different purpose. Thus in a typical treatment system where the secondary operations are dependent on the activated sludge plants, the operations consist of a series of inter linked units having a settling basin where the sludge is separated from the treated water, following by sludge thickening, sludge drying and sludge disposal. The treated water from the settling tank marks the end of secondary treatment operations the water would still

Gary Nash Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gary Nash - Essay Example Jensen. While the former never wrote or lectured on issues of race in early America, Gary Nash seeks to emulate the progressive nature of Merrill Jensen’s research and writing. The scope of Race and Revolution is the years just prior to the American Revolution through the decades following the signing and ratification of the U.S. Constitution. In the broadest sense, the book chronicles the evolving social, political and economic realities of the African-American experience during these years. Individual experiences are shared in an effort to show the differences between three distinct periods of time within the scope of the book. During the pre-Revolutionary War years, the rights and privileges of freed blacks are examined. Their equality in society and economic matters is highlighted. The pre-war years also seemed to hold a universal agreement by whites that it wasn’t a matter of if slavery would be abolished but when. Many held that slavery was incompatible with the ideals held by the founders of the republic. During the war, many African-Americans joined the British in their fight against the colonists. The British offered immediate emancipation to any slave that would join their ranks. Many slaves left their families and masters behind. These years of recovery saw a lessening of support for the abolition of slavery. Nash details the political and personal decisions that weakened the cause of the abolitionists and moved popular opinion towards a less optimistic view of black Americans, both free and enslaved. By the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, it was clear that African-Americans of all social classes and degrees of emancipation would not be granted full part in the new republic. They were to be insulted, degraded and relegated to second-class citizenship if free and continued servitude if enslaved. The final portion of the book examines the social evolution of institutions such as the establishment of

Analysis of The Lorax Essay Example for Free

Analysis of The Lorax Essay The story, â€Å"The Giving Tree,† is a book written by Shel Silverstein that is about the relationship between a tree and a boy. In the beginning of the story, the boy and the tree spend a lot of time together having fun. For example, they would play hide and seek, the boy would play on the branches, and the boy would play king of the forest with the leaves of the tree. The tree would be very happy because she was interacting with the boy. Throughout the story, the boy would spend less and less time with the tree. As a result, the tree would become sad. Once in a while the boy would come back, asking for certain things, and the tree would be happy to help the boy because she loved the boy so much. Through the story, â€Å"The Giving Tree,† Shel Silverstein relates a lesson of how giving is more important than taking. In the story, the boy takes advantage of the tree by taking everything that the tree has. The tree gives freely without complaining because the tree loves the boy, and wants him to be happy. In the end, all the boy wanted to do was to spend time with the tree once again. If the boy did not continuously take advantage of the tree, the boy did not have to miss, and become unhappy about the old tree that loved him so much. The tree’s love for the boy is a perfect example of what people should be like: giving freely, and unconditionally. If everyone was like the tree, there would be very little unhappiness in the world, and the world would be a better place. If countries started to give freely to one another, there would be fewer wars, there would be no more sadness and devastation, and there would be world happiness and peace. The message from Shel Silverstein is to not be like the boy who ultimately becomes unhappy by taking from the tree. In summary, Silverstein uses the story to expound on the idea that giving is more important than receiving. The story also has a slight reference to the relationship between mother and child. The tree (the mom) was willing to give anything to the boy (the son). The tree sacrifices herself in order to make the boy happy, which any mom would probably do for her son. In the beginning, the tree wanted to sacrifice its time just to play with the boy. This is similar to a parent, which sacrifices time to interact with and provide for their kids. Towards the teenage years, the tree gives up her apples so that the boy could have money. Likewise, many parents sacrifice money to have their children enjoy their teenage years: movies, cars, trips, etc. When the boy becomes an adult, he takes the branches and trunk of the tree away to build a house, and a boat. All of these examples exemplify the ways in which moms make so many sacrifices to make their children happy, but some kids just take them, run with them, and never think about how much it cost their moms. As depicted in the story, the boy never expressed any gratitude to the tree. The boy rarely went back to visit the tree, but only visited the tree to take something away for his own personal benefit. Furthermore, moms also show sadness when their children leave them for college, and adulthood. When the boy does not come back to see the tree for years at a time because of his own issues, the tree becomes sad. In short, Silverstein illustrates the interaction between mother and child by showing the selfless acts of parents and the selfishness of children. The book, â€Å"The Giving Tree,† can strongly connect to our relationship between the environment and humans. Currently, there is an evident problem of global warming. This recent dilemma is caused because of our selfish taking from the environment. The tree can strongly resemble the earth on which we live, and the boy can resemble humans. We constantly take from the Earth, and rarely give back to the environment. For example, during the 20th century, industries took advantage of the Earth without replenishing resources: deforestation, driving animals to extinction, and over-fishing. Furthermore, since global warming has become such a big problem now, we want to go back to live on the lush, non-polluted earth. Likewise, after the boy takes everything away from the tree, the boy wanted the tree to be like it was before. Ultimately, the book elucidates the way in which humans abuse the environment just like how the boy misused the tree. A question that can come to mind when reading Shel Silverstein’s story is, what is the reason for writing the story. Silverstein might have written the book for young children, but it was to teach everyone of the â€Å"give not take,† principle. Moreover, another question can be what is the reason for allowing the boy not to think about his selfishness? Perhaps Silverstein wanted to portray the fact that people are sometimes selfish. Finally, throughout the story, why is the boy referred to as a boy even though he becomes a man. Maybe Silverstein was writing in the perspective of a mother because a mom always calls his son her boy.

Essay on Romanticism in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein :: Frankenstein essays

Essay on Romanticism in Frankenstein      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All literature is influenced by the time period in which it was written; whether it be war, poverty, or any other social trends. People tend to write commentaries of political events, or just describe the time period. Whether it is intentional or subconscious, an author cannot help to include some aspects of the time period in which they are in.  Ã‚   The Romantic Period had a tremendous influence on Marry Shelly's writing of the novel, Frankenstein.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Industrial Revolution in England during the late 1700's was a time of great change. The populace was moving into cities, and people were disillusioned by the destruction of nature and the living conditions in the cities. In response to this disillusionment, people started to envision the world differently than they had before. They saw nature as all beautiful, powerful, and perfect. Previously, the inspiration for literature was law, order, and religion; now, it is in the writers imagination and powerful emotions. This change in the attitude of the people is called Romanticism. The Romantic Movement is one of the most important literary periods in history; affecting the literature, music, and art of the period. It encouraged spontaneity, and acting with emotions, not common sense. In the more classical style of writing, writers addressed their books to the upper class, but now writers addressed the common man and his problems. Their was a new feeling of spirituality. People were seeking eastern concepts of nirvana, transcendentalism and being one with nature. People wanted to experience life, not study it. They seeked extreme emotions, whether they were good or bad. Marry Shelly used all of these philosophies of the Romantic Period in writing, Frankenstien.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Victor Fankenstien is a man with great ambition, he is obsessed and self-centered. His life is the mirror of a Greed Tragedy. In his case, the flaw is his excessive pride. This flaw causes Victor to rush into something, for which he is not prepared. He fulfills his ambition and makes the biggest mistake of his life by creating a monster. Finally, just before Victors death, he has his catharsis. He tells Robert his story and cleanses himself. â€Å"seek happiness in tranquillity, avoid ambition† (pg. 205) This paradox, that he created a creature to help society, but it turns out to be the undoing of society and himself is an example of Victors self-centeredness. His life degenerates from here on. Victor is a product of the Industrial Revolution. In reaction to people with Victor's characteristics, the Romantic Period is born. His beliefs are in science and the known world, which is the opposite of the Romantic ideal. Essay on Romanticism in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein :: Frankenstein essays Essay on Romanticism in Frankenstein      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All literature is influenced by the time period in which it was written; whether it be war, poverty, or any other social trends. People tend to write commentaries of political events, or just describe the time period. Whether it is intentional or subconscious, an author cannot help to include some aspects of the time period in which they are in.  Ã‚   The Romantic Period had a tremendous influence on Marry Shelly's writing of the novel, Frankenstein.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Industrial Revolution in England during the late 1700's was a time of great change. The populace was moving into cities, and people were disillusioned by the destruction of nature and the living conditions in the cities. In response to this disillusionment, people started to envision the world differently than they had before. They saw nature as all beautiful, powerful, and perfect. Previously, the inspiration for literature was law, order, and religion; now, it is in the writers imagination and powerful emotions. This change in the attitude of the people is called Romanticism. The Romantic Movement is one of the most important literary periods in history; affecting the literature, music, and art of the period. It encouraged spontaneity, and acting with emotions, not common sense. In the more classical style of writing, writers addressed their books to the upper class, but now writers addressed the common man and his problems. Their was a new feeling of spirituality. People were seeking eastern concepts of nirvana, transcendentalism and being one with nature. People wanted to experience life, not study it. They seeked extreme emotions, whether they were good or bad. Marry Shelly used all of these philosophies of the Romantic Period in writing, Frankenstien.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Victor Fankenstien is a man with great ambition, he is obsessed and self-centered. His life is the mirror of a Greed Tragedy. In his case, the flaw is his excessive pride. This flaw causes Victor to rush into something, for which he is not prepared. He fulfills his ambition and makes the biggest mistake of his life by creating a monster. Finally, just before Victors death, he has his catharsis. He tells Robert his story and cleanses himself. â€Å"seek happiness in tranquillity, avoid ambition† (pg. 205) This paradox, that he created a creature to help society, but it turns out to be the undoing of society and himself is an example of Victors self-centeredness. His life degenerates from here on. Victor is a product of the Industrial Revolution. In reaction to people with Victor's characteristics, the Romantic Period is born. His beliefs are in science and the known world, which is the opposite of the Romantic ideal.

Kfc and the Global Fast-Food Industry in 2003-2004

KFC and the Global Fast-Food Industry in 2003-2004 Course: MGT 710 [pic] 1. Executive Summary This paper analyzes the market situation of the major U. S. fast-food firms in Latin America in 2004 from the perspective of the KFC Corporation. By analyzing political, economic, cultural, logistical, and competitive forces, a potential strategy for KFC to successfully establish a strong position in Central and South America is proposed. Through a thorough analysis, it was determined that KFC should establish wholly-owned subsidiaries in Mexico and Brazil to manage operations in Central and South America, respectively. After a strong position is established in these countries, KFC should then open franchises in Central America, Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, and Chile. 2. Problem 1. Expanding into Latin America From 1993 to 2002, KFC dominated the chicken segment of the U. S. fast-food market. Their market share, however, decreased by 13. 4% over that 10 year period (Exhibit 4, 553). As the fast-food market matured, firms began to focus on globalization to continue growth. By early 2004, 56% of KFC’s restaurants were outside of the U. S. (558). Their initial focus was on Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the Caribbean, where they established dominance among competitors. Their struggle was in expanding beyond those markets. In their attempt to expand into Central and South America, KFC was met with many challenges. Many Latin American markets had not adopted the fast-food concept and preferred a more leisurely dining experience. The intense competition with major U. S. fast-food chains made it very risky to enter a new market. The geographic distance from the corporate offices made it difficult to control standards and quality. To continue growth, KFC would have to develop a strategy to overcome these obstacles and expand into these markets. 2. Strengthening position in Central America KFC initially expanded into Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the Caribbean due to geographic proximity and existing political and economic ties to the U. S. They were able to establish dominance in these markets because they had first-mover advantage and the local cultures accepted the fast-food concept. To further expand into Central America, KFC will have to develop a strategy to leverage their strong positions in Mexico and the Caribbean. They will have to consider factors such as the business model, global integration, national responsiveness, and mitigating risk. 3. Breaking into South America KFC had attempted to enter Brazil, with limited success. Political, economic, and cultural challenges had prevented KFC from gaining a foothold, and subsequently forced them to pull out of the market. Other countries in South America had little competitive presence, but had significant barriers to entry. In addition, the farther away the countries are from the corporate offices, the more expensive and logistically difficult the operation becomes. To enter these markets, KFC would have to carefully weigh its options to establish a presence and mitigate risk. 3. Analysis 1. Industry analysis 1. Basic economic characteristics Latin America is home to more than 550 million people. It has an aggregate GDP of more than $4 trillion. Figure 1 shows that Brazil and Mexico have the highest GDP. However, Argentina, Chile, and Costa Rica have the highest GDP per capita. [pic] Figure 1 – Latin America GDP (Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Latin_America) 2. Competition In general, Central America and Brazil are the markets most penetrated by the large U. S. fast-food chains. McDonald’s is the dominant competitor in Latin America, with 584 stores in Brazil, 261 stores in Mexico, and 203 stores in Argentina. KFC follows with 274 stores in Mexico and 134 stores in the Caribbean. Burger King operates 163 stores in Puerto Rico and 154 stores in Mexico. Wendy’s only operates 143 stores in all of Latin America (Exhibit 6, 559). To assess the competitive landscape, Porter’s Five Forces model can be used, as shown in Figure 2. For KFC, the highest levels of competitive rivalry are in Central America and Brazil. Most of South America, with the exception of Brazil, has relatively low penetration. The threat of new entrants is high within any market, as all of the major competitors are vying for the same markets. The threat of substitute products is also generally high, since fast-food chains must compete with established local restaurants that already cater to the local tastes and customs. The bargaining power of customers is medium in more developed countries such as Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina where customers are less price sensitive. In less developed Latin American countries, however, the bargaining power is high where most customers cannot afford high prices. The bargaining power of suppliers is medium in most countries where there aren’t a large amount of imports, but high in countries like Mexico and Brazil. [pic] Figure 2 – Porter's Five Forces (Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Porter_5_forces_analysis) 3. Factors driving change As Latin American countries become more developed, they begin to adopt more global brands. As the internet penetrates these markets, users become exposed to global brands. Cultures begin to change as the world becomes a global market. While they do maintain local tastes and values, people begin to separate from traditions and become more modern. As economies become more developed, people begin to adopt the on-the-go lifestyle that we are accustomed to in the U. S. As countries like the U. S. drive globalization to foreign markets, trade barriers are often removed and countries begin to adopt foreign firms. 4. Relative strength of firms As previously stated, McDonald’s has the strongest position with 1,605 stores in Latin America. KFC follows with 650 stores, followed by Burger King and Wendy’s. McDonald’s is dominant in South America, while KFC controls Central America. 5. Rivals' next moves The most significant acquisition of note is McDonald’s purchase of Boston Market in 2000. Boston Market caters to the growing trend for healthy fast-food, as well as the casual, sit-down atmosphere that is popular in Latin America. While Boston Market does not have any presence in Latin America, McDonald’s could decide to leverage existing resources to expand there. 6. Critical success factors All franchise corporations are concerned with standards and consistency between units. While certain factors can differ from one region to the next, a general level of consistency is needed with regards to product quality and taste. It is critical that service and cleanliness are upheld to a high level of quality. Particularly in Latin American markets, the menus may need to be diversified and incorporate local flavors. With the great distance between Latin American markets and corporate headquarters, effectively executing logistics, distribution, and operations is critical to success. Effectively managing resources and keeping costs low will also be critical when entering new markets. With the political and economic events that may occur, the firm must be resilient to changes in the economy and trade regulations. Firms should seek to establish relationships with local governments in order to protect their interests abroad. 2. Strategic planning for foreign market entry 1. Identifying company's objective in foreign market entry The first step in developing KFC’s Latin American strategy is to identify the objectives for entering new markets. Some reasons to enter new markets would be to exploit an untapped market, obtain a competitive advantage, secure essential raw materials and distribution channels, and cutting costs by employing inexpensive labor. Currently, KFC has a large presence in Mexico and the Caribbean. This gives them a launching point to enter nearby markets. The nearby Central American countries have a relatively low presence from the large fast-food firms. The Central American region is home to approximately 40 million people. According to Figure 1, the Central American nations have a GDP of approximately $173 billion. This region has a considerably sized market, relatively low penetration, and proximity to KFC’s large presence in Mexico, making it ideal for entry. Brazil is the largest and most coveted market in Latin America. Unfortunately, McDonald’s has a large competitive advantage with 584 stores. KFC has failed in the past to enter this market, but the opportunity is still there. Establishing a position in this market would allow KFC to power investments in other South American markets. While they may not be able to dominate the market, it is a strategic location that would act as the locus for all South American operations. Argentina and Chile have $445B and $161B GDP, respectively, making them large attractive markets. They also have the highest GDP per capita in Latin America. While McDonald’s has a relatively strong position in these countries, there should still be opportunity for KFC to capitalize on. Other South American countries, such as Paraguay, and Uruguay, Have little competitive presence and a relatively low GDP. These countries may not have strategic value to the company. 2. Preliminary country screening After determining the objectives for each country, an analysis of advantages and attractiveness can be performed. To determine national competitive advantages, Porter’s diamond model is used, shown in Figure 3. Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Chile stand out as the most developed Latin American countries. This indicates that advanced factor endowments such as infrastructure, skilled labor, and technology should be readily available. Demand conditions should also be most favorable in the countries with the highest GDP, as an active economy tends to increase demand for on-the-go meals. The most significant supporting industry is the poultry industry. According to the USDA, Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina have the largest poultry industries in the region. [pic] Figure 3 – National Competitive Advantage (Source: http://www. teagasc. ie/research/reports/foodprocessing/4984/eopr-4984. htm) 3. Risks in foreign markets In all Latin American countries, there is a high degree of political risk, due to the propensity of corruption and instability in governments. This is apparent even in the more developed Latin American countries. Many Latin American countries restrict the import of foreign goods, or give preferential treatment to adjacent countries. In addition, the distance from existing production and distribution channels imposes a great risk to the supply of goods to the more southern countries in the region. One of the main company factors is the shortage of skilled labor and high rate of turnover in Latin American markets. For KFC to succeed in any Latin American market, they will need to increase employee retention through training or benefits. 4. Capabilities, resources, and skills needed to succeed in foreign markets The key success factors were described in Section 3. 1. 6. It is important to note that the farther away the country is from existing trade channels, the more difficult it will be for KFC to control quality, standards, distribution, and logistics. Also, the less developed nations will be more susceptible to economic and political events that could devastate KFC’s interest in the market. 5. Fulfilling key success factors KFC’s key strength is their established dominance in Mexico. This position provides many financial and political benefits due to the NAFTA treaty. It also provides them with a strategic position to enter nearby Central American markets. They do not have established trade channels in most of South America, so it will be difficult for them to manage operations without a strong presence in at least one market. This is the main reason why Brazil is a key market to enter. Being that KFC is such a large company within an even larger conglomerate of fast-food chains, the firm should be able to withstand political or economic changes and a loss of revenue during the development stage. Overall, KFC fulfills the key success factors in Central America, but will need to establish a position in at least one major South American market in order to expand there. . Entering the target markets In determining how to enter the target markets, the level of global integration vs. national responsiveness should be assessed. Figure 4 shows the various strategies that can be employed given the appropriate level of integration and responsiveness. The markets in Latin America should be similar enough for KFC to keep menus, processes, and sta ndards consistent across all markets. Pricing and advertising may differ depending on the level of economic development and communications infrastructure in each nation. In addition, KFC would need to implement different business models depending on the proximity, size of the market, and cultural uniqueness. For this reason, KFC should implement a transnational strategy that would keep many aspects consistent, but some aspects unique between various markets. [pic] Figure 4 – Global Integration vs. National Responsiveness 7. Compare and rank targeted countries From the analysis performed, each Latin American market considered was ranked based on the variables discussed. By comparing GDP, geographic proximity, population, and relative penetration of competitors, Table 1 shows the countries scored and ranked. Economy |Competition |Proximity |Market size |Presence |Total | |Mexico |12 |12 |13 |12 |13 |62 | |Brazil |13 |13 |7 |13 |4 |50 | |Caribbean |5 |7 |11 |8 |12 |43 | |Puerto Rico |6 |11 |12 |2 |11 |42 | |Central America |3 |9 |10 |10 |9 |41 | |Colombia |10 |5 |8 |11 |6 |40 | |Argentina |11 |10 |3 |10 |4 |38 | |Venezuela |7 |8 |9 |6 |5 |35 | |C hile |9 |6 |4 |5 |8 |32 | |Peru |8 |3 |5 |7 |7 |30 | |Ecuador |4 |4 |6 |4 |10 |28 | |Paraguay |1 |2 |2 |3 |4 |12 | |Uruguay |2 |2 |1 |1 |4 |10 | |Table 1 – Results of market analysis 4. Recommendations 1. Markets to enter From the results of the analysis performed, KFC should operate company-owned units in Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the Caribbean where it already has a strong position. It should then open franchises in Central American markets to mitigate risk until a strong position can be established, at which point KFC should buy back the successful franchises. KFC should develop a wholly-owned subsidiary in Brazil and aggressively establish a strong foothold. This is not only one of the most attractive markets; it is also a critical strategic location to be the headquarters of South American operations. Once a strong position is established in Brazil, KFC should open franchises or joint-ventures in Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela, and Chile. Given the relatively low scores, KFC should not consider expanding further into Peru, Ecuador, Paraguay, or Uruguay. Although KFC already has operations in Peru and Ecuador, they are not strategically valuable and should be closed or sold if they are not consistently profitable. 2. Strategy for entry 1. Corporate strategy At the corporate level, KFC should focus on developing wholly-owned subsidiaries to act as the regional headquarters in Mexico and Brazil. This would allow KFC to centralize control over standards, quality, process, and distribution within those regions. This tiered structure would lessen the burden on KFC’s U. S. corporate management and provide more specialized attention to those local markets. To offset regional events that may affect all of Latin America, KFC should also consider entering markets in Europe and Asia. If an economic catastrophe were to hit Brazil, for instance, markets in all nearby countries would be severely impacted as well. The Yum! Corporation should also consider strategies to expand its other brands into Latin America as well to leverage KFC’s success. The multibrand strategy that has been so successful in the U. S. may prove successful in Latin America as well. 2. Business strategy At the business level, KFC should develop aggressive marketing strategies in countries where competitors have a strong presence. In Brazil, for instance, KFC will have to fiercely battle McDonald’s to gain market share. In less developed countries, KFC should enter cautiously and focus on mitigating risk. KFC should leverage their strong global brand and target the younger generation. Through internet marketing, KFC should be able to reach the young, modern generation that has a higher acceptance for the fast-food model. KFC should implement a transnational strategy in Latin America. While quality, service, and products should remain consistent throughout Latin America, KFC should develop unique strategies for marketing, pricing, and business models in each region. KFC should launch company-owned stores in high growth markets and enter the rest with franchises or joint-ventures until a strong position is established. In high growth markets, company-owned businesses would allow fixed costs to be spread across multiple restaurants, subsequently allowing for lower prices and increased margins. Franchising would leverage the expertise of local entrepreneurs with understanding of the local customs, language, and marketing strategies. This would help to mitigate the risk of entering unknown markets. 3. Functional strategy Regional franchises should interface with the wholly-owned subsidiaries in Mexico and Brazil. These subsidiaries would control management, distribution, standards, quality assurance, and advertising for their associated franchises. The Central and South American subsidiaries should focus on developing close ties with the governments in their regions. They should lobby to remove trade barriers between nations in order to streamline distribution. They should also focus on developing ties with the local communities in order to gain acceptance from local culture. KFC should develop specialized marketing campaigns for each region, depending on the similarities in culture. They should focus on targeting the young, career-minded demographic through internet marketing. Depending on the lifestyle habits of those individuals, they should also target them through appropriate media advertising. 5. Conclusion KFC is one of the dominant players in the global fast-food industry. They have sufficient resources to launch an aggressive strategy into Latin America. By leveraging their strong position in Mexico, KFC can successfully establish a strong position in Central America. By outsourcing management of Central American firms to a wholly-owned subsidiary in Mexico, KFC will be able to streamline operations and maintain control over franchisees. Although it will be difficult, establishing a foothold in Brazil is KFC’s best strategic option for entering South America. By aggressively marketing the younger demographic, KFC should be able to gain a considerable market share, even though McDonald’s maintains the dominant position. Once they have been successful in Brazil and a wholly-owned subsidiary is established, KFC can then begin to expand further into South America. By implementing this general strategy and addressing the factors and risks discussed in the analysis, KFC should be able to gain substantial market share and continue to grow the firm.

Advantages of Cloning in Humans and Animals Essay

Advantages of Cloning in Humans and Animals Cloning has existed for ages as a form of reproduction in nature. Now humans have harnessed the power to clone at will. This evokes an argument between those that support and those that do not support cloning. Among the population, there are fewer supporters than opponents. It might just be a gut reaction of humans to fear and suspect new technology, or it could be a well-founded fear. In the animal world, cloning could be used to save endangered species and increase production of livestock. In time, this relatively new technology may become a powerful and useful tool This study examines the many supporting arguments for cloning, including objectives, among them starting families, organ†¦show more content†¦Cloning would open up opportunities for single women, because they would no longer need to be dependent on men to start a family. Apart from creating a family, cloning would also be helpful for preserving family. If someone were dying and needed an organ transplant, a clone could provide that organ. If someone lost their entire family, once again, they could have children related to them using their deceased loved ones DNA. It can be argued that cloning is unnatural. However, clones already exist in nature. Quite a great number of can reproduce by asexual reproduction that is, in essence, cloning. Additionally, cloning is not even new for humans. Twins are clones; in fact, they are even more identical than a clone would be. In a clone, one person provides the nucleus containing the DNA. The other, the egg donor, provides an egg without a nucleus. The nucleus does not actually provide all of the DNA. The mitochondria of the egg also affect the genetic information of the clone. However, twins originate from the same egg, so even the little information provided by the egg is identical. Since twins are perfectly acceptable, one could argue that cloning ought to be. 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